Degrees of Comparison (Tingkat Perbandingan)
Degrees of comparison are made by adjective
or adverb to compare one person or one thing with another. Degrees of
comparison dibentuk oleh kata sifat atau kata kerja bantu untuk membandingkan
seseorang atau satu hal dengan yang lainnya.
A
word which qualifies a noun or pronoun in sentence we called as Adjective. It
can be attributive (placed before noun) or predicative (placed in the predicate
part).
Example:
·
She is a beautiful girl.
adjective – attributive
·
She is beautiful.
adjective – predicative
·
This is a wide class.
adjective – attributive
·
The class is wide.
adjective – predicative
·
That’s a great tower.
adjective – attributive
·
That tower is great.
adjective – attributive
A
word which adds to the meaning of the main verb is called Adverb. It modifies
verb, adjective or other adverb. It usually ends with ‘ly’ but some of them are
not.
Example:
·
He run fast. (dia berlari dengan
cepat)
·
They sing beautifully. (mereka
bernyanyi dengan indahnya)
·
She moves so quickly. (dia
bergerak dengan cepat)
Degrees of compariso devided into:
1.
Positive Degree
Positive degree shows us that
there is no other person or thing used to compare in the sentence.
Example:
·
Lina is clever (adjective)
There’s
no other person to compare Lina with.
·
They studies diligently (adverb)
·
They are diligent.
(mereka rajin)
·
Children in this house are nice.
(anak
anak dirumah ini menyhenangkan)
·
I drive carefully.
(saya
berkendara dengan hati hati)
·
The Building is high.
(gedung
itu tinggi)
Pattern: S + To be + Adjective
S + Verb + Adverb
·
Lina is as clever as
Danu. (adjective)
Lina
have the same quality with danu or both Lina and danu are clever
·
Bayu studies as diligently as
Bima (adverb)
·
They are as diligent as me.
(mereka
sama pintarnya seperti saya)
·
Children in this house are as nice as
us.
(anak
anak dirumah ini sama menyenangkannya seperti kami)
·
This car is as beautiful as mine.
(mobil
ini sama cantiknya seperti mobil saya)
·
She drives as carefully as me.
(dia
berkendara sama cepatnya dengan saya)
Pattern:
S1 + To be + as + Adjective + as + S2
S1
+ Verb + as + Adverb + as + S2
2.
Comparative Degree
When
we want to compare two or more things or person, we use comparative form. Here
are some rules of making comparative form:
· Adjective which consist of one or two
syllables is formed with –er at the end of the words. Example: low-lower, hard-harder, preety-preetier.
Jika
kata sifat terdiri dari satu atau dua suku kata maka diakhir kata ditambahkan
–er. Contoh:
Low
[lou] – one syllable (satu suku kata)
Hard
[hard] – one syllable (satu suku kata)
Preety
[pri - tI]
– two syllable (dua suku kata)
·
Adjective which consist of two or more
syllables is formed with more. Example: beautiful – more beautiful,
comfortable-more comfortable, expensive-more expensive.
Jika
kata sifat terdiri dari dua atau lebih suku kata maka diawal kata ditambahkan
more. Contoh:
Beautiful
[byu – tI – ful]
three syllables (tiga suku kata)
Expensive
[εks – pεn – sIv] three
syllables (tiga suku kata)
Ø The
blue star is bigger than the red star
Ø the
blue star is smaller than the orange star.
Ø My
mark is lower than her mark.
Nilai saya lebih
rendah dari pada nilainya.
Ø Dina
is preetier than Ayu.
Dina lebih cantik dari
pada Ayu
Ø She
drives more carefully than me
Dia berkendara lebih
hati hati dari pada saya
Ø Danu
is smarter than Dodo.
We compare Danu and
Dodo and Danu has more of the quality of ‘smart’.
3.
Superlative
Comparison
between two or more things or person, but one of them has the highest degree
from another, we use the superlative form. Here are some rules of making
comparative form:
·
Adjective which consist of one or two
syllables is formed with –est at the end of the words. Example: low-lowest, hard-hardest, preety-preetiest.
Jika
kata sifat terdiri dari satu atau dua suku kata maka diakhir kata ditambahkan
–est.
·
Adjective which consist of two or more
syllables is formed with more. Example: beautiful – most beautiful,
comfortable-most comfortable, expensive-most expensive.
Jika
kata sifat terdiri dari dua atau lebih suku kata maka diawal kata ditambahkan
most.
Ø My
mark is the lowest mark.
Nilai saya adalah
nilai terendah.
Ø Dina
is the preetiest girl.
Dina adalah gadis yang
paling cantik.
Ø She
drives the most carefully.
Dia berkendara sangat
berhati hati.
Ø Danu
is the smartest boy.
We compare Danu with
another and Danu has most of the quality of ‘smart’.
Irregular degrees of comparison have
different form from the rules above. The comparative and superlative are
different.
List of irregular degrees of comparison
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
Good
/ Well
|
Better
|
The
best
|
Bad
|
Worse
|
The
worst
|
Little
|
Less
|
The
least
|
Many
/ Much
|
More
|
The
most
|
Far
|
Farther/Further
|
The
farthest/furthest
|
List of degrees of comparison
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
Big
|
Bigger
|
The biggest
|
Smart
|
Smarter
|
The smartest
|
Busy
|
Busier
|
The busiest
|
Low
|
Lower
|
the lowest
|
High
|
Higher
|
The highest
|
Long
|
Longer
|
The longest
|
Cold
|
Colder
|
The coldest
|
Delicious
|
More delicious
|
The most delicious
|
interesting
|
More interesting
|
The most interesting
|
Handsome
|
More handsome
|
The most handsome
|
Comfortable
|
More comfortable
|
The most comfortable
|
Slowly
|
More slowly
|
The most slowly
|
Gently
|
More gently
|
The most gently
|
Beautifully
|
More beautifully
|
The most beautifully
|
Carelessly
|
More carelessly
|
The most carelessly
|
Patiently
|
More patiently
|
The most patiently
|
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